Overview
Over the past few decades, Australia’s average temperature has been steadily increasing. Extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense, setting new records, and the UV Index is at extreme levels all year round. This trend not only affects the environment, but also poses a serious threat to human health.
The Dangers of UV Overexposure
Skin Health Risks
Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): The most common type, typically found on the face and arms.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC): More aggressive and may spread to other parts of the body.
Melanoma: The deadliest form of skin cancer, often linked to severe sunburns, and can be life-threatening.
Eye Health Risks
Cataracts
UV exposure accelerates the clouding of the eye’s lens, leading to blurred vision and, in severe cases, blindness.
Macular Degeneration (AMD)
UV rays can damage the retina’s macula, resulting in loss of central vision, especially in older adults.
Photokeratitis (Snow Blindness)
Exposure to intense UV rays, such as reflections from snow or water, can burn the cornea, causing temporary vision loss, redness, and pain.
Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)
A growth on the conjunctiva of the eye that may affect vision and require surgical removal.
Immune System Impacts
Weakened Immune Function
UV exposure can reduce the activity of immune cells in the skin, making the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.
DNA Damage & Genetic Mutations
UV rays can cause DNA damage, leading to genetic mutations that increase the risk of cancer and premature aging.
How to Protect Yourself
Some Tips:
Use Sunscreen Daily
- Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that blocks UVA & UVB rays.
- SPF 30+ for daily use, SPF 50+ for extended outdoor exposure.
- Reapply every 2 hours, especially after swimming or sweating.
Cover Up with Protective Clothing
- Wear a wide-brimmed hat (at least 3 inches wide) for face and neck protection.
- Choose long-sleeved shirts and pants made of tightly woven fabric or UPF-rated clothing.
Wear UV-Protective Sunglasses
- Look for sunglasses that block 100% UVA and UVB rays.
- Larger frames or wraparound styles provide better coverage.
Seek Shade & Limit Sun Exposure
- Avoid direct sun between 10 AM – 4 PM, when UV rays are strongest.
- Use umbrellas, trees, or sun shelters when outdoors.